OFA Patella Certificates for our Biewer Terriers

All our adults are certified health tested. The table below provides you with all tests performed for our dogs, including the results. You will find a more detailed database on the website of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals.

Lateral Luxation in Toy Breeds

The patella, or kneecap, is part of the stifle joint (knee). In patellar luxation, the kneecap luxates, or pops out of place, either in a medial or lateral position. Lateral luxation in small breeds is most often seen late in the animal’s life, from 5 to 8 years of age. The heritability is unknown. Skeletal abnormalities are relatively minor in this syndrome, which seems to represent a breakdown in soft tissue in response to, as yet, obscure skeletal derangement. Thus, most lateral luxations are grades 1 and 2, and the bony changes are similar but mirrored to those described for medial luxation.
In mature animals, signs may develop rapidly and may be associated with minor trauma or strenuous activity. A knock-knee or genu valgum stance, sometimes described as seal-like, is characteristic. Sudden bilateral luxation may render the animal unable to stand and so simulate neurological disease. Physical examination is as described for medial luxation.

Patellar Luxation Grades

The Patellar Luxation Database is for dogs 12 months and over. Examinations performed on dogs less than 12 months will be treated as consultations and no OFA numbers will be assigned.

A method of classifying the degree of luxation and bony deformity is useful for diagnosis and can be applied to either medial or lateral luxations by reversing the medial-lateral directional references. The position of the patella can easily be palpated starting at the tibial tubercle and working proximally along the patellar ligament to the patella.

Grade 1: Manually the patella easily luxates at full extension of the stifle joint, but returns to the trochlea when released. No crepitation is apparent. The medial, or very occasionally, lateral deviation of the tibial crest (with lateral luxation of the patella) is only minimal, and there is a very slight rotation of the tibia. Flexion and extension of the stifle are in a straight line with no abduction of the hock.
Grade 2:  There is frequent patellar luxation, which, in some cases, becomes more or less permanent. The limb is sometimes carried, although weight-bearing routinely occurs with the stifle remaining slightly flexed. Especially under anesthesia, it is often possible to reduce the luxation by manually turning the tibia laterally, but the patella reluxates with ease when manual tension of the joint is released. As much as 30 degrees of medial tibial torsion and a slight medial deviation of the tibial crest may exist. When the patella is resting medially the hock is slightly abducted. If the condition is bilateral, more weight is shifted onto the forelimbs. Many dogs with this grade live with the condition reasonably well for many years, but the constant luxation of the patella over the medial trochlear ridge of the trochlea causes erosion of the articulating surface of the patella and also the proximal area of the medial lip. This results in crepitation becoming apparent when the patella is luxated manually.
Grade 3:  The patella is permanently luxated with torsion of the tibia and deviation of the tibial crest of between 30 degrees and 50 degrees from the cranial/caudal plane. Although the luxation is not intermittent, many animals use the limb with the stifle held in a semi-flexed position. The trochlea is very shallow or even flattened.
Grade 4:  The tibia is medially twisted and the tibial crest may show further deviation medially with the result that it lies 50 degrees to 90 degrees from the cranial/caudal plane. The patella is permanently luxated. The patella lies just above the medial condyle and space can be palpated between the patellar ligament and the distal end of the femur. The trochlea is absent or even convex. The limb is carried, or the animal moves in a crouched position, with the limb flexed.

Bright Bering CM3 CGCA CGCU TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

CH Rocky Mountain's Lady Tinka CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Aleks Famili Miss Faith CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Alegriya Grande Reputashion Exskluzive CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Ms Aurora - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Alice CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Bambi CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Bella CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Ms Berlin - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Chelsea - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Chloe CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Colette CGCA TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Daisy - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Klub Leo-Binari Djay Liz CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Emma CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Emmy CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Florentine - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Angel Sudby Zamira CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Kerry - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Kiara CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Lacey - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Leyla - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Melody - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Miranda CGC - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Olivia CGCA TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Olya Glamour Toy - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Paige CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Alma CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Chika Bambina Airishe Jazz CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Bobbi Ben Berenis Selfie Star CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Ell Daimond Star Exclusive Line For Joy - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Ell Dominikana Exclusive Line For Joy - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Haus Black Bist Florentsia - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Angel Sudby Zamira CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Angel Sudby Evona Deris - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Rachel - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Raven - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Ruby - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Fortune Star Salma Perfekt CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Savanna - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Sofia CGCA TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Tessa CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Lady Trinity - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Unity CGC TKN - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Venice - Patellar Luxation 0/0

Rocky Mountain's Miss Winnie - Patellar Luxation 0/0